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African Wild Dog Sometimes Called Blue Dogs
SWAHILI NAME FOR DOG:
Mbwa
More African Wild Dog stuff: Specie Info - African Wild Dog Photos - African Wild Dog Puzzles PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS: These dogs are similar in size and shape to medium-large domestic dogs, but they are only distantly related to other canids. Their mottled coloring and large rounded ears make them unmistakable. The muzzle is black and the forehead has a black line in the middle of it. The large head resembles that of a hyena. Legs are long and slender. The feet have only four toes, and no dewclaws. The tail has a white plume at the tip No two dogs have identical coat patterns of white, black and tan; yet close relatives are recognizably similar in coloration. The body length is about 40 inches with a 12-16 inch tail. Animals weigh a maximum of 66 pounds. Males are slightly larger than females, and animals from Southern Africa are slightly larger than their northern relatives. DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT: African Wild Dogs are savanna inhabitants and their normal range is from south of the Sahara Desert except in forested areas. ADAPTATIONS: African wild dogs hunt through long chases that tire out the intended prey. They are able to run at speeds of 30 miles per hour or more for as far as three miles. African wild dog's excellent eyesight is used for locating prey. Their legs are long and slender contributing to their speed in the chase. They have large, rounded ears that allow excellent hearing. BEHAVIOR: African Wild Dogs are very social animals that live in packs of 5-20 individuals; rarely as many as 60. They fill the ecological role or niche of the wolf in Africa. One of the most efficient of all predators, they do not hesitate to attack small hares or large zebras. They specialize in preying on medium-sized antelope including Thomson's gazelle, impala, kob, lechwe and springbok. This species does not hunt in relays but rather depends on endurance that is greater than their prey. They can run at about 35 m.p.h. for 3 miles or more. They hunt mainly around dawn and dusk because they rely on sight when hunting. The pack will hunt at least once a day. If there are youngsters present at the kill, the adults will allow them to eat first unlike lions. They do not defend territories except in the vicinity of occupied dens. Only the dominant breeding pair urine mark. There is very little overt aggression among pack members. The social arrangement is extraordinary because they are the exact opposite of those in most other social mammals such as lions and elephants. If one member of the pack is ill or injured the other will take care of it. They will even come back after a hunt and regurgitate food for the injured or ill dog to eat. These Dogs rely on each other to survive. Obligate in every sense of the word; they work as one for the benefit of all. African Wild Dogs rarely live in the wild beyond 9-10 years. DIET: They hunt cooperatively which sometimes allows them to bring down their prey in seconds. Prey may be consumed in a few seconds, sometimes while the animal is still alive. African Wild Dogs are exclusively carnivorous. They eat no plant food, and rarely consume return to an earlier kill. Prey for the Painted Dog are mostly medium sized antelope like Impala, Bushbuck, Duiker, Kudu and Reedbuck. They have been known to take Wildebeest and also chase Eland and Buffalo although they rarely kill these larger animals. REPRODUCTION and GROWTH: Babies develop for 72 days before the mother gives birth in an underground den. As many as 12 pups may be born in a litter; a majority of those being male, but only a few usually survive. Pups at birth are all black and white. The tan patches develop from the black areas beginning in the second month. The pups eyes open at 3 weeks, but they will not emerge from the den until they start to eat solid food regurgitated by the adults. For about the first 12 weeks the puppies are nursed in and around the den site. At first the mother and then a "baby sitter" remains with the litter and is fed by other pack members by regurgitated food. Later food for the puppies is regurgitated by all pack members after a successful hunt. All pack members are involved in the caring for the puppies when they leave the den. Only the dominant male and female in the pack (the alpha pair) reproduce. The entire pack is needed to help feed the large litter of young that are dependent for 12-14 months. The adults eat at their kill site, then return to the den and regurgitate meat as food for the young. Adult males stay with the birth pack. Unlike other animals, females between 14 and 30 months of age will leave their natal pack in groups of littermate sisters. They will eventually join a different male kin line.
THREATS: Of all the natural threats to the survival of the painted dog, man represents the greatest. Hyena, jackal and leopard will steal their food from the killing site while lions will kill both adults and pups however these are natural occurrences to which the animal has survived for millions of years. Man is by far their greatest killer STATUS: The African wild dog is listed by the IUCN as threatened by extinction. They are nearly as endangered as the black rhino and they are still persecuted by farmers and hunters. Fewer than 5,000 dogs remain and because they need vast home ranges, it makes conservation difficult. Wild population: 3,200
to maximum of 5,200
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